Pendekatan Makna Al-Qital dan Batasan Etiknya Dalam Al-Qur’an
Keywords:
qital, terrorism, violence and jihadAbstract
Violence and terrorism that occurred in various countries both in the West and in the East, especially Indonesia is widely claimed as a form of resistance to the West. Unfortunately this action is mostly done by a number of Muslims and understand the act as a manifestation of jihad. These acts of violence often appear sporadically that casualties are not only the target of action, but sometimes civilians and Muslims, not only in political, economic and thought but also in the fundamental aspect of the crisis of self-understanding. This can be seen from the concept of jihad sometimes understood as the concept of war (qital) solely against the disbelievers. Whereas the meaning of war is only one of the special meanings of jihad that is used in a limited way beyond the universal meanings that are universal. From the search for qital and elaboration verses of relevant studies it is known that war in the Qur’an is a form of defensive effort to defend and defend against aggression, eliminate slander and freedom of religion and to free the oppressed people of the persecution. Despite limited availability, war is a test of faith as jihad in general which must always be in the corridor fi sabilillah.
References
Ali, Atabik dan Ahmad Zuhdi Muhdlor. al-’Ashriy: Kamus Kontemporer Arab-Indoresia. Cet. III. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Ali Maksum, 1998.
Asy’arie, Sukmadjadja dan Rosy Yusuf, Indeks al-Qur’an. Bandung: Penerbit Pustaka, 1984.
AI-Baqi’, Muhammad Fu’ad ‘Abd. al-Mujam al-Mufahras li Alfazh al-Qur’an al-Karim. Kairo: Dar al-Hadis, 1996.
Al-Bukhariy, Muhammad ibn Ismail. Shahih al-Bukhnriy, Juz III. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1414 H/ 1994.
Cawidu, Harifuddin. Konsep Kufur dalam al-Qur’an: Suatu Kajian Teologis dengan Pendekatan Tafsir Tematik. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1991.
Chirzin, Muhammad, Kontroversi Jihad di Indonesia: Modernis vs Fundamentalis. Yogyakarta: Pilar Media, 2006.
Dasuki, A. Hafizh, et.al, Ensiklopedi Hukum Islam, Juz V. Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru-van Hoeve, 1996.
Kementerian Agama RI. al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya (Revisi terbaru). Semarang: CV. Al-Syifa’; 2016.
Depdikbud, Tim Penyusun Kamus. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1998.
al-Duqs, Kamil Salamah, Jihad Qur’ani: Tren Harakah Sepanjang Abad, diterjemahkan dari Ayat al-Jihad fi al-Qur’an al-Karim oleh Tajuddin. Jakarta: Pustaka Firduus, 1993.
Essack, Farid. Membebaskan yang Tertindas, diterjemahkan dari Qur’an Liberation & Pluralism: An Islamic Perspective of Interreligious Solidarity Againts Oppression, oleh Watung A. Budiman. Bandung:Mizan, 2000.
Faris, Ahmad Ibnu. al-Mu’iam al-Maqayis al-Lughah, Juz I, III, V. Kairo: Dar al-Fikr, t.th.
AI-Isfahaniy, al-Raghib, al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Qur’an (Edisi Sayyid Kaylani). Mesir: Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi, t.th.
Jamal, Ahmad Muhammad, Perang Damai dan Militer, diterjemahkan dari al Jihad fi al-Islam Maratibuhu wa Mathalibuhu, oleh Makhtum Assalamy, Jakarta: PT. Fikahi Anesta, tth.
Al-Mubarakfury, Shafiyy al-Rahman, Sirah Nabawiyah, diterjemahkan dari al-Rahiq al-Makhtum: Bahtsun fi Sirah al-Nabawiyah ‘ala Shahabiha Afdhal al-Shalat wa al-Salam, oleh Kathur Suhardi, Jakarta: Pustaka al -Kautsar, 1997.
Mushthafa, Ibrahim, et. al., al-Mu’jam al-Wasith, Juz I. Teheran: al-Maktubah alIlmiyyah, t.th.
Al-Qardhawiy, Yusuf. Menyatukan Pikiran Para Pejuang Islam, diterjemahkan dari Nahw Wahdah Fikriyah li al-Amilin li al-Islam oleh Ali Makhtum Assalamy, Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 1993.
--------------. et. al., Berjuang di Jalan Allah. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 1992.
Al-Qaththan, Manna’ Khalil. Studi Ilmu-Ilmu al-Qur’an, diterjemahkan dari Mabahits fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an oleh Mudzakkir AS. Jakarta: Litera AntarNusa, 2000.
Rahardjo, M. Dawam, Ensinklopedi al-Qur’an: Tafsir Sosial Berdasarkan Konsep-Konsep Kunci, Jakarta: Paramadina, 1996.
Shihab, M. Quraish, Tafsir al-Misbah, Vol. I, II, V, IX, XIII dan XIV, Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2000, 2002, 2003.
Shaltut, Mahmud. Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Karim: Pendekatan Syaltut dalam Menggali Esensi al-Qur’an, diterjemahkan oleh Herry Noer Ali. Juz III dan IV. Bandung: CV. Diponegoro, 1990.
Al-Thabathaba’iy. Sayyid Muhammad Husain, al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an, Jilid IV. V & XIX Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Ilmiyyah li al-Mathbu’at, 1974.
Thonthowi, Jawahir. Pesan Perdamaian Islam. Yogyakarta: Madyan Press, 2001.
AI-Zawiy, A1-Thahir Ahmad, Tartib al-Qamus al-Muhith, Juz III.Cet. III. Kairo: Dar al-Fikr, t.th.